Strategy

Five Whys

The Five Whys is a classic technique to find the root cause of a problem. By repeatedly asking "why," you'll drill down from symptoms to the core issue. It's simple but surprisingly effective.

Duration
30 mins
Group Size
3-8
Category
Strategy
Difficulty
Easy
Energy
Medium

Objectives

Participants will identify root causes, understand cause-and-effect, prevent recurrence by addressing core issues, and build shared understanding of problem origins.

Outcomes

Teams will define root causes, gain deeper problem understanding, and address underlying issues.

Step-by-Step Instructions


  1. Start with a clear problem statement.

  2. Ask "Why does this problem occur?" and write down the answer.

  3. Use that answer as the basis for your next "Why?"

  4. Repeat this process, typically five times, until you reach the root cause. You might need fewer or more "whys".

  5. The final answer should reveal the fundamental issue.

  6. Document each level of "why," as each may offer intervention opportunities.

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Facilitator Tips

Five is just a guideline. Sometimes you need fewer or more "whys." Watch out for circular reasoning or stopping at symptoms, not causes. I've found it useful to create actions for issues at every level, not just the root cause. Sometimes the team gets stuck - don't be afraid to rephrase the question or take a different angle.

Pre-Work

For Facilitators

  • Review participant profiles and expectations
  • Prepare all materials and supplies
  • Test technology and room setup

For Participants

  • Complete pre-session survey
  • Review background materials
  • Prepare examples or case studies

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Materials Required


  • Online whiteboard or shared document

  • Diagram template (linear or tree)

  • Relevant background information about the problem

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Resources & Templates

  • Facilitator Guide (PDF)
  • Participant Workbook Template
  • Presentation Slides
  • Printable Materials

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